MANGANESE
SPECIFICATION:
Mn 46,00% minimum 49% Maximum 44% rejection
Fe 6,00% rejection 8,50%
SiO2 5,00% rejection 7,50%Al2O3 6,50% rejection 9,00%
CaO 0,60%
MgO 0,25%
P 0,10% rejection 0,12%
C 6,00%
S 0,03% rejection 0,09%
Moisture 8,00% rejection 10 %
Manganese is a mineral stone, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is found as a free element in nature (often in combination with iron), and in many minerals. As a free element, manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.
Manganese ions have various colors, depending on their oxidation state, and are used industrially as pigment. The permanganates of sodium, potassium and barium are powerful oxidisers. Manganese dioxide is used as the cathode (electron acceptor) material in standard and alkaline disposabledry cells and batteries.
Manganese(II) ions function as cofactor for a number of enzymes in higher organisms, where they are essential in detoxification of superoxide free radicals. The element is a required trace mineral for all known living organisms. In larger amounts, and apparently with far greater activity by inhalation, manganese can cause a poisoning syndrome in mammals, with neurological damage which is sometimes irreversible.